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Signal and Lead-in Phrases
The following are effective ways to incorporate quotes and paraphrasing into your essay. They usually come before the part of the sentence that includes the quote or paraphrase. Examples are taken from The Owl Purdue site. Remember that the quotes and paraphrased material requires citation. The last two examples for each style are if the author expresses a negative opinion.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/using_research/quoting_paraphrasing_and_summarizing/signal_and_lead_in_phrases.html
Examples for APA (in past tense)
According to Doe . . .
The work of Doe indicated that . . .
Doe asserted that . . .
Doe acknowledged that . . .
Doe has drawn attention to the fact that . . .
Doe claimed that . . .
As Doe pointed out. . .
As Doe stated. . .
Doe rejected the claim that nature is more important than nurture.
Doe denied the claim that nature is more important than nurture.
Examples for MLA (can be in past or present tense)
Doe declares. . .
Doe argues that . . .
Doe believes that . . .
The work of Doe shows that . . .
As Doe indicates. . .
As Doe implies. . .
As Doe suggests. . .
Doe thinks that . . .
Doe addresses. . .
Doe refutes the claim that nature is more important than nurture.
Doe disputes the claim that nature is more important than nurture.
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